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Povzetek:
Pojem selitev ali migracija označuje spreminjanje stalnega bivališča. Občina Krško ima negativni selitveni prirast, kar pomeni, da se več ljudi iz občine Krško odseli kot priseli. Največ priseljencev se v občino Krško priseli s Kosova, Bosne in Hercegovine, Srbije, Nemčije, Makedonije in Hrvaške. Glavni razlog za selitev v občino Krško je v zadnjih letih združitev družine, na drugem mestu je zaposlitev ali delo.
Beg možganov označuje odhajanje izobraženega kadra v tujino predvsem zaradi ekonomskih razlogov. Občino Krško je v letu 2016 zapustilo 15 terciarno izobraženih oseb, ki so odšle v tujino, in 152 oseb, ki so se preselile v druge občine. Organizacija Zlati kamen je občini Krško za leto 2017 izračunala indeks bega možganov 34,74 % (za parametra so uporabili 1231 univerzitetnih diplom in 424 novih zaposlitev med terciarno izobraženimi).
Dnevna migracija ali dnevna selitev pomeni ponavljajoče se potovanje iz kraja v kraj, glavna razloga sta zaposlitev ali šolanje v drugem kraju. Indeks delovne migracije (IDM) je razmerje med številom delovno aktivnih prebivalcev (brez kmetov) v določeni teritorialni enoti delovnega mesta in številom delovno aktivnih prebivalcev (brez kmetov) v teritorialni enoti prebivališča pomnoženo s 100. Občine glede na indeks delovne migracije delimo na delovne (indeks vsaj 96) in bivalne (indeks pod 95,9). Občina Krško se z indeksom 86,92 uvršča med šibko bivalne.
V Krškem živi veliko albanskih priseljencev. Albanci kot narod živijo v treh različnih državah, v Albaniji, na Kosovem in v Makedoniji. V Krško so se začeli priseljevati v petdesetih letih dvajsetega stoletja, njihovo priseljevanje pa poteka še danes. Na proces priseljevanja močno vplivata dve uspešni gradbeni podjetji, ki sta v lasti Albancev s Kosova.
Ključne besede: občina Krško, migracije, beg možganov, dnevne migracije, Albancivedenje.
Abstract:
The concept of migration indicates an activity of changing one’s residency. Municipality of Krško has a negative increment of migration which means that more people leave the municipality in contrast of immigrating to it. The largest groups of immigrants come from Kosovo, BiH, Serbia, Germany, Macedonia and Croatia. The main reason for immigration has been the reunion of families (most notably females and children joining the male members of the family), on the other hand, there are other reasons such as opportunities for work.
Brain drain indicates the emigration of highly trained or qualified people, most notably for economic reasons. In 2016 a number of highly qualified people emigrated out of the municipality including 15 tertiary educated people that emigrated abroad and 152 people
that moved to other municipalities inside the country. In 2017 the organisation Zlati kamen calculated a brain drain index of 34,74 % in the municipality of Krško (the used parameters were gained from the information of 1231 university diplomas and 424 new employments among tertiary educated people).
Daily migration means a repeat or circular migration from one place to another on a daily basis – the reasons being the places of employment or education in another area. Index of daily migration (IDM) is a proportion between the number of working people (excluding farmers) in a certain territorial unit of a working place and the number of working people (excluding farmers) in the territorial unit of a residence multiplied by 100. According to IDM, we differentiate working municipalities (the index should amount to at least 96) from residentiary ones (the index should be below 95,9). The municipality of Krško – with its index constituting 86,92 – ranks among the weaker residentiary municipalities.
There is a vast population of Albanian immigrants in Krško. As a nation Albanians live in three different countries (Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia). Albanian immigration into Krško began in 1950s and the immigration is stillin process. The process of immigration is highly influenced by two construction companies that are owned by the Albanians from Kosovo.
Key words: municipality of Krško, migration, brain drain, daily migration, Albanians. |
