MERITVE VITALNE PLJUČNE KAPACITETE

Področje naloge: interdisciplinarno področje (biologija, matematika)

Avtor: Peter Urban Pogačnik, 8.č

Mentor: Ljudmila Gornik

OŠNHR Hrastnik

Šolsko leto 2020/21

POVZETEK

Raziskovalne naloge sem se lotil v času epidemije COVIDa. Ker je v tem času za to boleznijo obolelo kar nekaj znancev, je dotična bolezen pri meni zbudila precej zanimanja. Kot vemo, bolezen lahko prizadane več organskih sistemov (npr. živčni, dihalni…). Mene pa je v okviru te bolezni najbolj pritegnilo zmanjšanje funkcije dihal, zaradi katere so ljudje nemalokrat pristali na ventilatorjih. Poiskal sem razpoložljivo literaturo o zgradbi, delovanju in zmogljivosti pljuč. Porodila pa se mi je tudi ideja, da raziščem vpliv različnih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na vitalno kapaciteto. V raziskavi sem proučeval odvisnost vitalne kapacitete od telesne aktivnosti, telesne višine in starosti. V raziskavo sem vključil še tri družinske člane, različne po starosti in športnem udejstvovanju. Meritve sem načrtoval z napihovanjem balonov ter merjenjem njihovih premerov vsakega udeleženca raziskave posebej. Na koncu pa sem z matematično enačbo izračunal še prostornino.

Vsa ugotovljena dejstva sem skušal z znanstveno podprtimi dejstvi povezati v celoto, ki bo pripomogla k ohranjanju zmogljivosti dihal ter zdravja nasploh.

Ključne besede: dihanje, vitalna kapaciteta pluč, pljučno in celično dihanje, mehanizem dihanja

ABSTRACT:

I undertook the research task during the COVID epidemic. Since quite a few acquaintances fell ill with this disease at that time, the disease aroused a lot of interest in me. As we know, the disease can affect several organ systems (e.g. nervous, respiratory, …). However, in the context of this disease, I wanted to focus on the respiratory function, which often led people to land on ventilators. I collected the available literature on the structure, function, and capacity of the lungs. I also had the idea to explore the impact of various factors that affect vital capacity. I studied the dependence of vital capacity on physical activity, height, and age. I included three other family members in the research, who varied in age and sports activities. I planned the measurements by inflating the balloons and measuring their diameters for each research participant separately. Finally, I calculated the volume with a mathematical equation.

I tried to connect all the established facts with scientifically supported facts into a summary, which will help to maintain respiratory capacity and health in general.

Key words: respiration, vital capacity of the lungs, pulmonary and cellular respiration, mechanism of respiration

ALI JE HRANE NA SVETU RES PREMALO?

PODROČJE RAZISKOVANJA: BIOLOGIJA

AVTORICI: NIKA MIJATOVIČ IN ELA RAMŠAK

MENTOR: LJUDMILA GORNIK

OŠNHR HRASTNIK, ŠOLSKO LETO 2021

POVZETEK

V najini raziskovalni nalogi sva se posvetili raziskovanju hrane; poiskali sva splošne podatke o hrani, katera živila je treba uživati za zdravo rast in razvoj, poiskali sva bolezni, povezane s prehranjevanjem in zakaj le-te nastanejo. Zanimalo naju je, koliko ljudi in na katerem delu sveta se soočajo s pomanjkanjem hrane, kje je hrane v izobilju in kje je je premalo.

Pripravili sva anketo, s pomočjo katere sva želeli izvedeti, ali najini anketiranci hrano zavržejo, koliko hrane zavržejo, ali kaj hrane predelajo (jo ponovno uporabijo), katera hrana je tista, ki jo najpogosteje zavržejo, zakaj jo zavržejo ter kam jo zavržejo. Anketirali pa sva različna gospodinjstva ter šole in vrtce. S pomočjo ankete sva pridobili tudi veliko idej za predelavo hrane, ki nam ostane (po obrokih).

Tematika zavržene hrane naju je zanimala tudi na ravni Slovenije in zato sva poiskali statistične podatke o zavrženi hrani v Sloveniji in rešitve, ki jih različna podjetja in posamezniki predstavljajo na tem področju.

Poiskali sva informacije o različnih pomembnih dnevih v letu, povezanih s hrano oziroma zavrženo hrano; npr. svetovni dan hrane, slovenski tradicionalni zajtrk, dan slovenske hrane itd.

V zaključku sva združili svoje ugotovitve in si odgovorili na vprašanje, ki je bilo vodilo najine raziskovalne naloge, to je: »Ali je na svetu hrane res premalo?«

KLJUČNI POJMI: zavržena hrana, zdrava prehrana, hrana v Sloveniji in po svetu.

ABSTRACT

The study is focused on the survey of food, i.e. general information on food, food groups required for healthy body and mind growth and development, unhealthy food related diseases and why they arise. In addition the study presents the parts of the world with food shortage as well as the ones with food abundance and the number of people facing food shortage.

A survey is prepared to find out whether the respondents throw food away, how much food is thrown away, do they process (reuse) food, what type of food is mostly thrown away, why and where it is thrown away. We surveyed various households and restaurants as well as schools and kindergartens. By means of the present survey we also obtained a lot of ideas for processing leftovers (the food that is left over from meals).

The study also intruduces the topic of discarded food in Slovenia, i. e. statistical data on food waste in Slovenia and the solutions provided by different companies and individuals regarding the a. m. field are presented.

In the following different important days of the year associated with the topic of food or discarded food; e.g. world food day, Slovenian traditional breakfast, Slovenian food day, etc. are specified.

In the conclusion, the study summarizes all and any findings and answers the main question i. e. whether there really is not enough food in the world.

KEY CONCEPTS: discarded food, healthy food, food in Slovenia and around the world.